• Design measures that mitigate the rise of transport emissions as demand grows in Southeast Asia and connectivity improves.
• Target maritime transport as a critical sector for decarbonising freight transport in Southeast Asia.
• Improved vehicle technologies will be important for decarbonising road transport as demand increases.
• Electrify rail networks to reduce emissions.
• Improve cross-border trade facilitation to enhance connectivity.
• Accelerate aviation's technology and fuel transition to reduce emissions.
• Leverage decarbonisation opportunities offered by urban transport.

• Set clear mitigation targets for the transport sector.
• Ensure national decarbonisation plans are fully reflected in the NDCs.
• Break down silos between transport and related sectors. Include all stakeholders.
• Enhance coordination of climate policy across national ministries.

•  Align Covid-19 recovery packages to revive the economy, combat climate change and strengthen equity.
• Implement much more ambitious policies that will reverse the growth of transport CO2 emissions.
• Target different transport sectors with strategies that reflect their specific decarbonisation potential and challenges.
• Support innovation to accelerate the technological breakthroughs needed to decarbonise transport.
• Shift the priority to improving accessibility.
• Intensify collaboration with non-transport sectors and between public and private actors. 

Editor:

Policy Insights

• Address coordination between jurisdictions at all territorial levels. 
• Make establishment of the Metropolitan Transport Authority an integral part of decentralisation. 
• Leverage support of the national government to establish the Metropolitan Transport Authority. 
• Engage with public opinion to create broad support for the creation of a Metropolitan Transport Authority. 
• Choose the right scope when defining responsibilities of the new Metropolitan Transport Authority. 
• Focus on delivery of the government’s priority objectives for transport provision. 
• Provide the Metropolitan Transport Authority with the necessary technical and financial capacity using fiscal instruments that bring mobility benefits as well as raising funds.

• Consider integrating Shared Mobility services into the Greater Dublin Area transport system.
• Shared mobility services should be provided on a large-enough scale to reap full benefits.
• Use shared services as a feeder service for high-capacity public transport and the existing bus network.
• Use alternative fuels for shared mobility fleet to reduce emissions further.
• Target potential early adopters for Shared Mobility services in order to achieve scale of service.
• Set the regulatory framework for shared mobility services to generate maximum societal benefit.

• Public authorities must prepare for a much more networked and meshed world.
• Take into account changes in data science and technology when developing Mobility as a Service.
• Look beyond initial cryptocurrency applications of distributed ledger technologies.
• Governments should help deploy the building blocks that enable wider uptake of distributed ledgers.
• Apply blockchain technology now for slow and (relatively) small transport use cases; anticipate next generation distributed ledger technologies for “big and fast” applications to be deployed later.
• Governments should develop algorithmic code-based regulation to accompany the uptake of distributed ledger technologies.

• Public transport scheduling needs to consider a wider range of needs and preferences. 
• Taxi and informal transit services require safer regulations and technologies. 
• Gender analysis leads to effective and efficient transport demand management. 
• Safety improvements are key to ensure optimal public transport use.

• Enable implementation of new shared mobility solutions in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area as an additional policy tool.
• Implement new shared mobility solutions at a sufficient scale to boost attractiveness and lower costs.
• Design shared mobility solutions so they feed rail/metro lines and replace low‑frequency, low‑occupancy bus services.
• Target shared mobility solutions for sub-urban car users currently not well served by public transport.
• Consider improvements in system capacity and access to rail and metro stations.

• Focus on improving overall mobility outcomes, not just on lowering public transport costs.
• Set a vision for urban transport that includes full integration of innovative mobility options.
• Ensure partnerships between public transport and innovative mobility operators to improve mobility for all people, including those with disabilities.
• Target low-performing or costly routes, and leverage government assets to guide convergence.
• Split regulatory oversight from operation of urban transport and adapt procurement practices.
• Mitigate innovation risk for new services through pilots and portfolio management.
• Incentivise age- and disability-friendly interactions in partnerships between public transport and ride-service operators.